{"id":3733,"date":"2022-10-13T14:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-13T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archiwumwolnosci.pl\/?p=3733"},"modified":"2022-12-08T15:23:05","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T15:23:05","slug":"adam-lozinski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archiwumwolnosci.pl\/en\/adam-lozinski\/","title":{"rendered":"Adam Lozinski"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Piotr Pilch:<\/strong> How did your opposition activities begin?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adam Lozinski:<\/strong> I have been living in Przemy\u015bl since 1984, and my Solidarity activity began earlier, in Gliwice. Actually, the beginnings were there, I was a young teacher, because my second year of work, when the Solidarity union had just been formed. Accidentally, certain considerations led me, as a young teacher, to be in its authorities. Gliwice is a big city, 1,000 members were in the Teachers' Company Commission, I found myself in the presidium of our Company Commission. I was responsible for contacts with the Regional Section in Katowice. I recall various things, I remember, the funeral of Primate Wyszynski; just then there was a conference of Solidarity history teachers in Warsaw. There weren't many people there, about 40 people. We discussed the need for changes in the teaching of history. I even kept the delegations, I have confirmation that I was there, but I didn't even realize it. I have them as a souvenir, I can show them. Such are the memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PP:<\/strong> Sure, such things are very valuable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AL:<\/strong> I also came to Przemysl in '84. First of all, for family reasons, because my son was very ill in Silesia with respiratory diseases. In 1984 I came to Przemysl without knowing anyone. And those were not easy times for strangers, because they were looked upon with suspicion. I remember such a situation, although others have forgotten about it. We moved in in July, and in September it was announced at the KIK (Club of Catholic Intelligentsia) that they needed teachers to help, to teach. So I applied. And then my later friend asked who recommended me for the position. I replied that no one, because I had just arrived in the city. To this I was told that \"here we don't need agents\". This was very unpleasant. The next time I learned that there was to be a meeting of teachers and Mass at Holy Trinity Church. Mass was for everyone at 3 pm, and then there was a wafer for teachers, I went there and met teachers from Solidarity. In Przemysl there was a thriving teachers' ministry at the Holy Trinity Church, which was called \"The Trenches of the Holy Trinity\" There I met, among others, Ryszard Buksa. Earlier, an initiative was established in Warsaw, in Solec. There were monthly meetings, and from 1985 I went to them quite often. From there I brought back leaflets. I lived on Rogozinski Street, close to Zasanie station. I was afraid, more than once, to carry that package with leaflets home, so I thought \"I'll throw it in the bushes.\" A lot of support for the pastoral care of teachers was provided by Father Stanislaw Zarych. And this lasted until 89, when \"normality\" came. Then I stopped going, but I met many people during this time. To this day I know Jan Zarych, a professor at the Institute of National Remembrance. It was then that he, as a young man, organized such pastoral meetings. That's how it started.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1989, I taught at Elementary School No. 13. There I founded the Solidarity Circle, one of the first in Przemy\u015bl, and the first among elementary schools. Then I was in charge of setting up the Solidarity Workers' Commission, which covered the entire district. I traveled to Eagles or Krasiczyn. In those days teachers rarely had a car, I just happened to have one. I had previously been in the States, so I could afford to buy one, and yes, it would be impossible to get one on a teacher's salary. \"Secretariat\" of our Commission was located in the house of Mr. and Mrs. K. and R. Zurawski. I remember June 15, '89, the name day of Jolanta, our acquaintance. And on that day, I was elected Chairman of the Workers' Commission, I became head of the teachers' organization. Then, in 1990, there was the second Congress of Regional Solidarity, there I was elected to the Regional Board, I was even Secretary, but very briefly. Such typical union activities did not interest me much. I was in Solidarity to overthrow and create a new system, not to act as a trade union. I went to work in institutions, and some people resented this, because I stopped serving as secretary and became deputy superintendent in June 1990, and for four years I held a very important position in the administration of the Przemy\u015bl province. As of April 1, the superintendent at the time was Piotr Idzikowski. At one point there was a meeting of the NSSZ Regional Section, there were people from Przeworsk, Jaroslaw, Lubaczow. We were electing a superintendent at that time. Our first indication was Wieslaw Beck from Lubaczow. And such was the decision that the previous superintendent should leave, and the minister appointed w. Beck. The next day on Saturday, however, Wiesiek called that it was too far to commute from Lubaczow to Przemysl every day. Solidarity was then on Grodzka Street, and I was at work. I called Jaroslaw, Lubaczow and informed them by phone that W. Beck did not want to be superintendent. In the course of these conversations, we agreed that Piotr Idzikowski would become our candidate. And it was Piotr we reported to the minister. These were difficult moments, but the matter itself was encouraging. It was not that the authority proposes and the Ministry approves. We proposed the person who seemed to us the best for the position. And it was from the Ministry that I was called individually, because it turned out that in Warsaw, the position of director of the minister's office, was held by a person I knew from the pastoral ministry, and asked if this was definitely the right candidate. And that's how Piotr Idzikowski was appointed superintendent of education. Those were difficult times at the superintendency. There were problems to dismiss previous directors, and we lived through it. There was a veritable war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PP:<\/strong> Here the old system clashed with the new system. The old one still had its influence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00a3<\/strong>: Especially since at the beginning there was still no new law on the education system. It entered in September 1991, but we used it. The superintendent himself could make regulations for appointing directors. Now it's complicated that the superintendent doesn't have much power, he's an executor, more important is the Commission, the Teachers Union, parents. We made it so that to the Commission three people were put forward by the superintendent, and three by the school. When there was a tie, the superintendent himself decided who would be the school director. That was a bit of a trick we did. This was in effect until 1991. Then I was dismissed when the governments changed and the SLD came in. From 1994 I worked in local administration, I was head of the Department of Education at the City Hall. It was only then that the department was established in the city, before that the city was not in charge of schools, only kindergartens (there was one person in charge of kindergartens in the Department of Culture). In 1996, all schools were taken over by local governments. In Przemy\u015bl, two years earlier, the city was the governing body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PP:<\/strong> And what did it look like then? Was it a good reform? Was it desired by the public?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AL:<\/strong> Rather, yes, previously it was handled by the state, the superintendent was the leading authority: he was in charge of management, finances, appointing principals, responsible for everything in the school. On the other hand, there was also a pedagogical supervisory body. And the superintendent performed these two functions simultaneously. When local governments took over the running of institutions and became the leading authorities, the superintendent was in charge of pedagogical supervision, doing inspections, visitations, checking the qualifications of candidates, the state of student knowledge. I think this was better, until now no one questions it. Yes, there was a problem as usual with money. Who was supposed to pay for it? It was invented that from the state budget, cities (local governments) would receive subsidies per pupil. This was calculated in detail. However, the money was less and less, at the beginning this subvention was calculated in such a way that it was quietly enough to run schools. Now, for a long time, the subvention is not enough and the city has to contribute from its budget. I don't know how it is today, but once in Przemy\u015bl, in the 1990s, the city added little from the budget, while in Warsaw, on the other hand, the authorities added almost 100% to the subvention. In our country at the beginning of the 21st century, no more than 3 percent was added. Let's note what disparities these were. The city could play a good role and either they gave money and education was a priority, or not. Now the city of Przemy\u015bl is adding 25 percent, and Warsaw has reduced because it is only adding 70 percent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for my activity in the Przemy\u015bl Cultural Society, I was a member at the end of the 1980s, and I only found out about its reactivation later. I was not invited to the reactivation meeting. I wasn't the only one, by the way. I learned that the election meeting was held, being at Calvary, on another occasion. I was not the only one surprised that some comrades were forgotten. I don't say this with resentment, but with mild surprise. When I received the invitation to the Society's meeting and Chairman Marek Kuchcinski was there, I thought it was his function from the old days.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What else can I boast about? I received a medal from the Metropolitan of Przemysl in recognition of my service to the Church of Przemysl.<\/p>\n\n\n

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PP:<\/strong> Such things are also collected as much as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AL:<\/strong> I have never belonged to any party, i.e. since 1990 yes, but before that no. When I came to Przemysl, I could not work in a high school. One principal himself invited me for an interview, he knew that I worked at \"thirteen\" and wanted to hire me, but the party. I didn't belong to it, so he couldn't. He suggested that I at least enroll in the ZNP (Union of Polish Teachers), but I refused. That was in 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PP:<\/strong> This hindered professional development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AL:<\/strong> Yes, but I didn't care. At the other school, too, the headmaster directly said that they were \"demanding\" that they accept those who belong to the party. This was in turn in 1988. In Gliwice I also worked at an elementary school, but I also had hours at a high school. I suspect that if I had stayed there longer, I would have been given a full-time position. In the big city, there was no such emphasis on enrollment in the party. When I arrived in Przemy\u015bl, in my first year there, I did not go to the May 1 parade. I was punished, I was not paid for the hours that day, 7 hours were deducted from my salary. In Gliwice we never went to parades, no one demanded it. Here in Przemy\u015bl it was more wanted to show off. It was up to the local authorities how much emphasis was placed. I have been in contact with people from Gliwice until now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I was also awarded the Cross of Freedom and Solidarity. You could receive it if you were active for a minimum of one year in the opposition. I had the difficulty that I had no record by the SB, so I had to get witnesses who confirmed my activities. As a result, I will receive such a Cross in September.<\/p>\n\n\n\n